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HMS Highlander (H44)
HMS ''Highlander'' was an H-class destroyer that had originally been ordered by the Brazilian Navy with the name ''Jaguaribe'' in the late 1930s, but was bought by the Royal Navy after the beginning of World War II in September 1939 and later renamed. When completed in March 1940, she was assigned to the 9th Destroyer Flotilla of the Home Fleet. The ship was assigned to convoy escort duties in June with the Western Approaches Command, sinking one German submarine in October. ''Highlander'' was transferred to Freetown, Sierra Leone in mid-1941 to escort convoys off West Africa, but returned to the United Kingdom in August. She became flotilla leader of Escort Group B-4 of the Mid-Ocean Escort Force in early 1942 and continued to escort convoys in the North Atlantic for the rest of the war. The ship became a target ship after the war ended and was sold for scrap in mid-1946.
==Description==
''Highlander'' displaced at standard load and at deep load. The ship had an overall length of , a beam of and a draught of . She was powered by Parsons geared steam turbines, driving two shafts, which developed a total of and gave a maximum speed of . Steam for the turbines was provided by three Admiralty 3-drum water-tube boilers. ''Highlander'' carried a maximum of of fuel oil, giving her a range of at .〔Whitley, pp. 109, 112〕 The ship's complement was 152 officers and men.〔Lenton, p. 163〕
The vessel was designed for four 45-calibre 4.7-inch Mk IX guns in single mounts, designated 'A', 'B', 'X', and 'Y' from front to rear, but 'Y' gun was removed to compensate for the additional depth charges added. For anti-aircraft (AA) defence, ''Highlander'' had two quadruple Mark I mounts for the 0.5 inch Vickers Mark III machine gun. She was fitted with two above-water quadruple torpedo tube mounts for torpedoes.〔 One depth charge rail and two throwers were originally fitted, but this was increased to three sets of rails and eight throwers while fitting-out. The ship's load of depth charges was increased from 20 to 110 as well.〔English, p. 141〕〔Friedman, p. 226〕
''Highlander'' was completed without a director-control tower (DCT) so the three remaining 4.7-inch low-angle guns fired in local control using ranges provided by a rangefinder.〔 She was fitted with an ASDIC set to detect submarines by reflections from sound waves beamed into the water.〔Brown, p. 164〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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